Objective To provide baseline date for further research by retrospectively investigating the disease constitution of over-60-year old patients in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University in 2011. Methods The information of over-60-year old outpatients was extracted from HIS and their diagnoses were classified by ICD-10. The data of single disease among top 3 categories of diseases were rearranged and analyzed by Excel software. Results The total of over-60-year old outpatients was 895 123 person-time in 2011, accounting for 19.65%, including 716 826 person-time in specialist outpatient clinics. The specialist diagnoses of 683 491 person-time could be classified by ICD-10, accounting for 95.35% of specialist outpatients. The top 12 diseases were neoplasm, circulatory, digestive, factors influencing health status and contacting with health services, respiratory, musculoskeletal system and connective tissues, nervous, eyes, symptoms/signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, non-classified, mental and behavioral disorders, endocrine, and genitourinary system diseases, and the cumulative constituent ratio was 92.96%. The main pathogenic sites of neoplasm were bronchus and lung (21.98%), esophagus (8.66%), stomach (8.10%), rectum (7.37%), prostate (5.86%), and liver and intrahepatic bile ducts (5.55%), with a cumulative constituent ratio of 57.72%. The main disease burden in circulatory system was hypertension (39.50%), chronic ischaemic heart disease (11.17%), and cerebral infarction (9.70%), and the cumulative constituent ratio was 60.38%. While the main disease burden in digestive system was gastritis and duodenitis (24.98%), other diseases of digestive system (9.26%), and other diseases of liver (8.90%), and the cumulative constituent ratio was 43.13%. There were more female than male among the over-60-year old outpatients (50.67% vs. 49.33%), and male was higher than female only in the incidence of neoplasm, respiratory, factors influencing health status and contacting with health services, and genitourinary system diseases. The disease constitution ratio of 60-69 years old patients was 58.21%. The top 3 neoplasm were the malignant tumors in digestive (38.20%), respiratory and intrathoracic organs (24.70%), and lymphoid, haematopoietic and related tissue (11.97%), with a cumulative constituent ratio of 74.87%. Conclusion The top 3 disease burden of over-60-year old outpatients in West China Hospital were neoplasm, circulatory and digestive diseases, which reflects the trend and law of treatment demands of old patients. It needs to deeply analyze the frequency and flow pattern of patients, and to provide evidence for preventing and treating geriatric diseases.
Objective To systematically review literature on the influencing factors related to adolescent sub-health problems. Methods We electronically searched the following four databases including CBM, VIP, CNKI and WanFang Data to collect Chinese literature on adolescent sub-health status and problems in China published before May 2012. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and cross checked records. Then qualitative analysis was applied. Results According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 cross-sectional studies were included. The results of qualitative analysis showed that the influencing factors of adolescent sub-health could be classified into four categories including social factors, family factors, school factors, and interpersonal relationships. The main ones were social support, employment pressure, family economic conditions, learning burden, unhealthy habits, etc. Conclusions There are many influencing factors of adolescent sub-health with interaction. Due to the limitation of the included studies, more prospective cohort studies are needed to provide high quality evidence.
Objective To investigate pre-hypertension in aspects of its incidence, accompanied cardiovascular risk factors, and difference between urban and rural areas in Chengdu. Methods By cluster random sampling method, a total of 2 011 patients aged 35-70 years from urban and rural communities in Chengdu were selected as respondents. The investigation was conducted through questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests, so as to find out the main cardiovascular risk factors of pre-hypertension. All data were dual input into computer by a specially-assigned person. SPSS 13.0 software was used for analysis, Chi-square test was adopted for categorical data, and Plt;0.05 was taken as an index for significant difference. Results a) The incidence rate of pre-hypertensive in Chengdu was 33.6%, and it was 45.67% and 46.31% in urban and rural areas, respectively. In rural area, more male (51.04%) were affected than female (42.83%). b) The smoking population with pre-hypertension were mainly the male, and the ratio of rural male was 60% (132/220), far higher than that of urban male which was 32.6% (59/181). c) The pre-hypertensive population accompanied with diabetes was higher in urban (27.97%) than rural (14.01%). d) The pre-hypertensive population accompanied with hypercholesterolemia or low HDL was 33.04% (150/454) in urban, as twice as that in rural which was 16.41% (76/471). e) The pre-hypertensive population accompanied with abdominal obesity was far higher in urban (28.41%) than rural (12.74%). Conclusion Smoking is the risk factor which needs to be primarily intervened for male hypertensive patients in rural area. Impaired glucose tolerance is the common risk factor for both urban and rural residents, and hyperlipidemia is the most primarily risk factor for urban pre-hypertensive patients, followed by diabetes, and abdominal obesity.
Objective To investigate disease constitution of elderly inpatient in the Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in Beijing in 2011, so as to provide baseline data for further study. Methods Elderly (patients no less than 60 years old) inpatients’ records in the Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University in 2011 were collected. Based on all the diagnosis on hospital discharge records, the diseases were standardized and classified according to the International Classification of Disease, 10th Edition (ICD-10). Data (including general information of the inpatients, all discharge diagnosis, and the distribution of disease type, age and sex) were analyzed through descriptive analysis using Microsoft Excel 2007 software. SPSS 17.0 software was performed for hypothesis test. Results a) The total numbers of elderly inpatients were 13 807 in 2011, accounting for 39.79% of all the inpatients. Males were more than females (male: female=1.26 to 1). The average kind of disease each patient was diagnosed with was 4.41, ranging from 1 to 11. b) The disease spectrum of patients with one disease was nervous system diseases, neoplasms, and digestive system diseases. The primary and secondary diseases of patients with two diseases were mostly circulatory system diseases. c) All the diagnosis included 18 categories, the top 7 were circulatory system diseases, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, digestive system diseases, respiratory system diseases, and nervous system diseases, accounting for 83.4% of all the diagnosis. The primary diagnosis included 18 categories, the top 5 were circulatory system diseases, neoplasms, digestive system diseases, respiratory system diseases, and nervous system diseases, accounting for 68.6% of all the elderly inpatients. d) In the circulatory system diseases, the top 5 diseases were cerebral infarction, occlusion and stenosis of precerebral arteries, not resulting in cerebral infarction, angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, chronic ischaemic heart disease, accounting for 69.8% of all the circulatory system diseases patients. Diseases in different age and gender group were cerebral infarction, angina, acute myocardial infarction, and chronic ischemic heart disease (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The disease constitution of the Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University is complex, and the primary diagnosis is mainly circulatory system diseases. It can be concluded that in the following studies attention should be paid to drug utilization of circulatory system diseases, so as to provide evidence for making the China specific potentially inappropriate medicine list and disease prevention for the elderly.
Objective To investigate the quality of life (QOL) of Beichuan cadres 1 year after Wenchuan earthquake, so as to provide references for promoting psychological intervention and improving QOL. Methods With the adoption of WHOQOL-BREF, questionnaire survey on basic conditions of cadre victims, and PCL-C scale, cross-section survey was conducted for 2 055 cadres of Beichuan public institutions in aspects of their QOL, social demographic characteristics and psychological trauma. Results a) Compared with domestic norm, although the Beichuan cadres had higher score in social relation domain (14.31 ± 2.59, Plt;0.01), their QOL scores in each dimensions (physical domain score: 14.16 ± 2.43; psychological domain score: 13.79 ± 2.59, environmental domain score: 11.20 ± 2.74) were lower with significant difference (Plt;0.01); b) The group with population under the age of 30 scored higher than other age groups in the psychological and environmental domains; men scored higher than women in the psychological domain; the widowed group scored lower than other groups in all domains; the Han nationality group scored higher than the Qiang nationality group in all domains; the primary education group scored lower than other groups in the social relation domain; the group with relatives, houses and physical loss or damage scored lower than the non-loss group in all domains; and the higher the score in PCL-C, the lower the scores in all domains (all Plt;0.05). Conclusion Beichuan cadres are severely affected in their physical, psychological and environmental domains even one year after Wenchuan earthquake, especially the female, the Qiang nationality, the old, the lost, and the psychological injured cadres are more badly affected with worse QOL, so those population should be concerned in particular with sustainable psychological service and other measures. The finding of social relation domain score being higher than general population suggests that it is important to promote the satisfaction with social relation through the timely effective support from both government and civil society, and the resettlement of sample housing area as well.
Objective To systematically review the evidence of the factors associated with self-rated health (SRH) and estimating the population attributable risk proportion (PARP) of interests in the elderly. Methods MEDLINE, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched (from January 1960 to April 2011) for relevant literature. The combined effect on each factor associated with poor SRH was expressed as RR or OR (95%CI). The contribution of each factor to poor SRH in the elderly population was estimated with PARP. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. Results Twelve studies involving a total of 35 349 participants aged 60 or above were eligible in this systematic review. Ten studies were conducted in China and the rest two studies were from the USA and Brazil. Of them, only one was prospective cohort study and 11 studies were cross-sectional. The results of meta-analysis showed that the main factors associated with poor SRH in the elderly were dependency, diabetes and coronary heart disease with the corresponding OR and 95%CI as 12.10 (6.31, 23.20), 6.49 (3.21, 13.09) and 5.60 (1.07, 29.42), respectively. However, the top three factors contributing to poor SRH in the elderly population were coronary heart disease, having illness half one year ago and chronic disorders with the corresponding PARP as 53.91%, 52.56%, and 50.09%, respectively. It was not possible to perform sub-group analysis because of the limited quantity of studies on each factor associated with poor SRH. Conclusion Based on the current available evidence, it appears that chronic disorders are closely related to poor SRH and contribute most in the elderly population. However, due to the limitation of the included predominantly cross sectional studies which are not enough for causal argument, it is insufficient to determine the association of many factors with poor SRH. Further high-quality prospective cohort studies are needed.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of life of residents in stricken area five years after Wenchuan earthquake, so as to explore the main influential factors such as gender, age, ethnic group, marriage status and the extent affected by the earthquake. MethodsUsing WHOQOL-BREF, 500 residents from Hanyuan county in Sichuan province were assessed in order to analyze their life quality and related factors. ResultsThe score on the overall WHOQOL-BREF and the level of each factor were significantly lower than the score on the normal people (P < 0.001). Male score in the factor of social relations significantly higher than female (t=3.963, P < 0.001). The overall score and the score of social factor were significantly lower in the minor than in the adults (t=-2.667, P < 0.01; t=-19.287, P < 0.001). And the quality score of social relationship was significantly lower in the single than in the married and cohabiting couples (P < 0.001; P < 0.01). ConclusionThe quality of life of residents in stricken area five years after Wenchuan earthquake was significantly lower than the national norm. There are significant differences in terms of gender, age, marriage status and earthquake damage on social relations. Steady intimate relationships with others help improve the quality of life of residents in stricken area. Besides, compared those with average damage or no damage, the residents with serious damage are relatively worse in the overall quality of life as well as environmental conditions.
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors of sever early childhood caries (SECC) among 3 to 5 years old children of Uyghur and Han in Kashi city, and to provide scientific basis for the establishment of oral hygiene policies for caries prevention and diagnostic among children. MethodsAccording to the basic methods of Third National Oral Health Investigation in 2005, a stratified multistage cluster randomly sampling design was applied. The deciduous caries of 893 Uyghur and Han children aged from three to five in ten kindergartens of Kashi city were clinically examined. Data were collected by questionnaire from their parents, and the result analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. ResultsThe caries prevalence rate of primary tooth was 74.69% and the total prevalence of SECC was 39.19%. The risk factors for SECC include lower age (OR=1.537, 95% CI 1.132 to 2.086, P=0.006), the more frequencies of drinking coke (OR=1.448, 95% CI 1.008 to 2.080, P=0.045), eating fruits (OR=1.840, 95% CI 1.347 to 2.512, P=0.000), drinking milk (OR=1.794, 95% CI 1.311 to 2.456, P=0.000), and before bedtime eating or after brush eating (OR=1.833, 95% CI 1.199 to 2.802, P=0.005), as well as the higher age of starting brush (OR=2.053, 95% CI 1.448 to 2.910, P=0.000). The protective factors for SECC include the more frequency of brushing (OR=0.612, 95% CI 0.445 to 0.844, P=0.003), and higher household income (OR=0.526, 95% CI 0.423 to 0.654, P=0.000). ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of SECC in Kashi city. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and education activities, and perform early preventive works for caries disease of children.
ObjectiveTo analyze research status of influencing factors related to sun-protection problems in children and adolescents, and systematically review the influencing factors. MethodsWe electronically searched the following databases including The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Ovid, EBSCO, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data to collect cross-sectional studies on sun-protection problems in children and adolescents up to December 2012. The criteria for cross-sectional studies recommended by AHQR was applied in the assessment of included studies. Then, qualitative analysis methods were used to systematically summarize information and results of the included studies. ResultsA total of 10 studies were included. The results showed that, the influencing factors of sun-protection behaviour in children and adolescents included gender, age, skin colour, eye colour, the mass media information, school health education, etc., of which, researches on gender, grade, light skin, eye colour were relatively more. ConclusionAt present, there are many studies about influencing factors related to sun-protection problems in children and adolescents while the target influencing factors differ in regions.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the association between myopia and open-angle glaucoma (OAG). MethodsForeign and domestic articles published from January 2000 to May 2013 were searched in PubMed, EMbase, WanFang Data, VIP and CNKI for observational studies on the association between myopia and OAG. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies were screened, the data were extracted, and the method quality of included studies was assessed. Then meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software. ResultsEleven cross-sectional studies including 45 996 participants were finally included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, myopia increased the risk of OAG. Besides, the results of subgroup analysis by the severity of myopia showed that, low-degree myopia (more than-3.00 D) increased 1.52 times the risk (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.23 to 1.88) while middle/high-degree myopia (no more than-3.00 D) increased 2.41 times (OR=2.41, 95%CI 1.91 to 3.03). ConclusionIndividuals with myopia have increased risk of OAG.